Children Left Behind

About


The U.S. public education system currently serves more than 50 million students. In the last 30 years, many of the policies and rules that have shaped our educational system have gone against so much of what we know from research, the professional knowledge of educators and the intuition of parents and students themselves. These policies threaten our democracy, our economy and our ability to know and understand each other across our differences. Not only is this system stifling our students’ voices, ideas and preparation for democracy and a global economy -- but it is also bad for our increasingly diverse society because it perpetuates a system of narrow understandings that do not reflect our different histories and cultures, it rationalizes punitive disciplinary practices toward some students and not others, and it pushes us further from each other. 


Children Left Behind: Time to Reimagine Education explores how our current assessment system influences curriculum, sorts and segregates students and feeds the school to prison pipeline. We tell the story of our education system from the inside-out, focusing on the voices of students, educators, and researchers. This film also highlights the innovations and cutting-edge, transformative work being done within the system for the benefit of all our children that we can learn from and expand on across the country. We travel to Revere, Massachusetts, one of six school districts participating in an experiment to develop authentic and direct gauges of student performance and Los Angeles, California to see how Ethnic Studies is making a difference in the lives of students. These portraits of possibility, along with the film’s attention to restorative justice as an alternative to traditional disciplinary practices, offer compelling counter-narratives to educational policy and practice as usual.

Children Left Behind: Time to Reimagine Education


The Research Behind the Film


As education researchers, our team has focused on certain aspects of the education system – namely, issues of student access to schools, parents’ efficacy in the school choice process, and the socio-cultural issues that affect school culture and climate- and their connections to prominent education policies related to student assessment and school accountability, curriculum and pedagogy, and school discipline. Throughout our work with schools and families, the mismatch between research and policy became increasingly obvious. Thus, a story of the research evidence needed to be told. Behind each theme in the film are mountains of research evidence we presented to Firelight Media as they worked collaboratively with us to bring our vision to life. The major takeaways from each theme are below. 

When it comes to Accountability and Assessment Policies and Practices, the evidence is clear that the U.S. public schools place far too much weight on one or two standardized tests to decide the fate of students, educators and schools. While standardized tests can be one of many measures used to assess students, we must acknowledge the research that tells us these measures have baked-in cultural and contextual biases that enable some students to perform better than others based simply on their prior life experiences and not their innate ability. Furthermore, the high-stakes nature of the testing policies and accountability systems have created perverse effects on the system, as too many teachers are forced to teach to the test, too many students experience severe anxiety trying to perform on tests that do not measure their full understanding or ability, and parents are increasingly frustrated with the lack of time educators have to focus on other critical aspects of child development and learning. To make matters worse, the research is clear that equity cannot be achieved through test-based accountability policies alone.

The research takeaways on our assessment system were underscored in the research on Curriculum and Pedagogy, which underscores that the way we measure student learning and hold schools accountable has a profound impact on how educators shape the curriculum they provide in schools and classrooms and the modalities used to express the knowledge that students must learn. The research shows that a pedagogical emphasis on test prep is harmful to students’ ability to develop critical thinking skills and processes to express and convey their own thoughts and opinions. Meanwhile, we know from large bodies of research that approaches to teaching and learning that center the experiences of students and families, including Multicultural Education, Culturally Sustaining/Relevant Education, Ethnic Studies, and Progressive Education, have had very positive outcomes in engaging and empowering all students, but especially students of color.  Qualitative and quantitative research shows us that students learn better and deeper when the curriculum is aligned with their ways of knowing and when pedagogy allows them to learn from each other.

When it comes to issues of Discipline, we also found ample evidence that narrow forms of assessing “good” and “bad” students and curriculum that reinforces those narrow definitions can perptuate a system of harsh disciplinary practices as schools actively try to push out students with low test scores or those most frustrated with a curriculum that excludes the experiences and history of people from their backgrounds and cultures. Furthermore, evidence shows that the zero tolerance policies and other common practices (like metal detectors) are ineffective, harmful to students and inhibit learning as they perpetuate huge racial disparities in rates of suspension and expulsion and create pathways to incarceration.

As we noted above, the connection between these three major factors of narrow measures of assessment, narrowly focused curriculum aligned with the assessments and strict discipline policies that seek to push out students with low test scores combine to perpetuate Racial Segregation across schools and classrooms as we come to define “good” and “bad” schools based on test scores and their antecedents. This leaves those families that have more options in where their children attend schools – either through housing choices or school choices – to steer away from schools with students of color even when those schools and communities have many assets.

Read our article in Phi Delta Kappan on our motivations and process for making this film. 

The Team Behind the Film


Children Left Behind: Time to Reimagine Education is the result of a collaboration between researchers from The Public Good at Teachers College and film makers from Firelight Media

The Public Good Research Team


Director

Amy Stuart Wells is the Director of the Reimagining Education Summer Institute and a Professor of Sociology and Education at Teachers College, Columbia University. She is also the Director of the Center for Understanding Race and Education (CURE) and co-Director of the Public Good, a non-profit public school support organization for racially and ethnically diverse schools. In February, 2016, Wells and her colleagues published a Century Foundation report titled, How Racially Diverse Schools and Classrooms Can Benefit All Students. For the last 25 years, her research and writing has focused broadly on issues of race and education and more specifically on educational policies such as school desegregation, school choice, charter schools, and tracking and how they shape and constrain opportunities for students of color. Wells’ on-going research project, “Metro Migrations, Racial Segregation and School Boundaries,” examines urban and suburban demographic change and the role that public schools and their boundaries play in who moves where. The final report from the suburban research phase of that project, Divided We Fall: The Story of Separate and Unequal Suburban School Districts 60 years after Brown, was published in Spring 2014; related articles were published in the Washington Post Answer Sheet, The Atlantic CitiLab, and Long Island Newsday.

Researcher

Leana Cabral is a Ph.D. student in the Sociology of Education program at Teachers College, Columbia University, and a research assistant at The Public Good. She is also affiliated with the Consortium for Policy Research in Education (CPRE). Her research interests include school segregation, educational inequality and the racial politics of public education. Prior to attending Teachers College, Leana worked as a consultant for a large-scale education nonprofit, the Philadelphia Education Fund, and served as the Director of the City of Philadelphia's Mayor's Office of Education's college access initiative. Prior to those positions, Leana worked in the youth development field. She holds a B.A. in Comparative Women's Studies from Spelman College.

Researcher

Diana Cordova-Cobo is a Ph.D. student in the Sociology and Education program and a research associate at The Public Good and the Center for Understanding Race and Education (CURE) at Teachers College, Columbia University. Her research interests center on the relationship between housing trends and school demographic change- particularly as it relates to racial/ethnic stratification and inequality amid gentrification and segregation. She previously worked as the Senior Research and Policy Analyst at the NYU Furman Center, where she led projects on New York City’s public housing and the racial/ethnic diversity of New York City’s neighborhoods and elementary schools.  She has also served as a research consultant for the New York City Department of Education and the New York Civil Liberties Union, and as a research assistant for the NYU Research Alliance. Prior to starting in the Sociology and Education program, Diana was a middle school social studies teacher in the Washington Heights neighborhood of New York City. She holds a B.A. in Political Science and Women’s Studies from the University of Florida and an M.A. in Social Studies Education from Teachers College, Columbia University.

Administrative Coordinator

Dianne G. Delima is an Ed.D. candidate in the Higher and Postsecondary Education program at Teachers College, Columbia University.  She is also the Administrative Coordinator for the Center for Understanding Race and Education (CURE) at Teachers College and the Co-Coordinator for Reimagining Education.  Her research interests focus on the teaching and learning experiences of first-generation college students of color.  Her dissertation looked into these students learning experiences in diversity courses in a high-diverse public institution.  Dianne received her M.A. in Language, Reading and Culture from the University of Arizona, and her B.A. in International Studies from the University of California, San Diego

Researcher

Abbey Keener is a Ph.D. student in the Sociology and Education program and a research assistant with The Public Good at Teachers College, Columbia University. She has also served as a research consultant for the New York Civil Liberties Union and the New York City Department of Education and as a research specialist at Princeton University. In her work she is interested in the relationship between changing neighborhoods, educational inequities, and school-and-neighborhood-based social networks. Her current research focuses on the geographic nature of schooling in the context of school choice and uses geospatial statistical methods to explore patterns of segregation and ties between neighborhoods and schools. She holds an M.A. in Sociology from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and a B.A. in Sociology and Anthropology from Wake Forest University. 

Researcher

Siettah Parks is Ph.D. student in Sociology and Education and a research assistant at The Public Good at Teachers College, Columbia University. Previously, she has worked in schools in New Jersey and New York City, and served as a Program Manager at an education support nonprofit. Her research interests are related to teacher education and preparation, teacher-student relationships, and the educational experiences of Black students. She holds an M.A. in Sociology and Education from Teachers College and a B.A. in Sociology from the University of Wisconsin. 

Firelight Media


Director/Producer

Stanley Nelson is among the premier documentary filmmakers working today. His feature-length films combine compelling narratives with rich and deeply researched historical detail, shining new light on both familiar and under-explored aspects of the American past. In addition to honors for his individual films, Nelson and his body of work have garnered every major award in the industry.  He is a MacArthur “Genius” Fellow, and was awarded an individual Peabody Award, the 2016 Lifetime Achievement Award from the National Academy of Television Arts Sciences, and received the National Medal in the Humanities from President Barack Obama. Nelson’s latest film, Miles Davis: Birth of the Cool, the definitive look at the life and career of the iconic Miles Davis, premiered at the Sundance Film Festival in 2019. The screening marked Nelson’s tenth premiere at the prestigious festival in twenty years, the most premieres of any documentary filmmaker.

 

In 2000, Nelson and his wife, Marcia A. Smith, founded Firelight Media, a non-profit production company dedicated to using historical film to advance contemporary social justice causes, and to mentoring, inspiring and training a new generation of diverse young filmmakers committed to advancing underrepresented stories.  Firelight received a MacArthur Award for Creative and Effective Institutions in 2016.

Producer

For over two decades, filmmaker Binns has captivated audiences wth stories that make a difference. Working across news, documentary, and feature production, Binns' poignant storytelling has touched the hearts and minds of millions on iconic television networks including CBS, ESPN, National Geographic, Al Jazeera, ESPN, BET, and more. Binns' other credits include Al Jazeera America's flagship TV newsmagazine "America Tonight"; ESPN's award-winning primetime magazine show "E:60"; National Geographic's immersive "Explorer" series; and CBS News' "60 Minutes," the oldest and most-watched TV newsmagazine program in history. Binns has also collaborated with some of the world's most renowned journalists, including Ed Bradley, Marley Safer, and Mike Wallace, among others. 

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Support for the Research and Film was Generously Provided by:


                                   

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