A study, commissioned and cited by the White House as it announced a summer jobs program for youth, says public spending is about $13,900 per year for each person between ages 16 and 24 who isn't working or in school. So-called "social costs," which are financed with a combination of public and private money, are about $37,450 per year, per person. The study was done by TC Professor Henry Levin; Clive Belfield, an Associate Professor at Queens College, City University of New York; and graduate student Rachel Rosen at TC.