Dear Students,
I’ve read a lot about “Psychological Safety” lately for my work with high performing teams based in Asia this fall. I’m curious about what “speaking up” and especially what “speaking up to authority” looks like in organizations and systems in the East where collectivist values are common. In reacquainting myself with the details of what psychological safety encompasses, I have been reading and rereading a lot of work by Amy Edmondson, a prolific researcher and scholar of this topic. Professor Edmondson suggests that to in order to foster psychological safety, leaders should try to take on the role of the “I Don’t Knower,” rather than always presenting themselves as the expert. She offers examples of successful organizational leaders who talk as much about what they don’t know as about what they do know. These leaders are exemplary listeners and learners. They are also high performers, they get results.
This made me reflect on how I dislike being an “I Don’t Knower.” I love “to know.” I love being able to answer a question, solve a problem, finish someone else’s sentence, offer wisdom, and give advice. I especially love (LOVE!) to be right. I am not proud of this quality and my family can be mighty annoyed by it, but I can acknowledge that it’s true of me. I also understand that my being “addicted to knowing” (as I’ve sometimes joked that I am) is not a great way to learn or to grow. So, I’m challenging myself to “not know” these days. I am trying to listen more than I talk and to ask more than to state. I am trying to be curious when I want to be judgmental. (Thank you, Ted Lasso.)
It is definitely not easy and I have made only modest strides in some small instances. But, I am trying. It helps that I keep company with someone who humbles me on the regular- my 16-year-old son. Recently, I was talking to Mateo about how important it is to get enough sleep. I explained how research shows that adequate rest improves mood, reduces anxiety, fuels performance in school and in sports, and even makes it easier to make and keep friends.
I told him about everything I had read on the topic and then asked enthusiastically, “Isn’t that great? Research says we should sleep eight hours at night, take naps as often as we can and not feel guilty about it.”
He just looked at me.
“Isn’t that great?” I repeated.
“What?” he asked.
“What I just said,” I told him, looking at him quizzically, “Isn’t that great about the sleep research?”
He sighed at me. “Mom, I stopped listening to you several minutes ago. You were going on and on and on. I started thinking about something else.”
Um, yeah. (Mateo is also the person who told me “Mom, ice breakers are cringe.” See below for an article that proves HIM right on that one.)
I offer these thoughts in the hopes you might join me in trying to be an “I Don’t Knower” sometimes. Given that you are all graduate students at Columbia University, you are undoubtedly smart, driven and high performers. You are motivated to excel and to achieve. So, I suspect you might struggle at times, as I do, to “not know.” I invite us all to allow ourselves to be learners, to embrace being curious, and to be open to all that we don’t know and have yet to learn from each other, in the classroom and in our community. I am going to keep trying to listen more and to close my mouth when I am “going on and on and on.” At least, I will some of the time. Here’s to not knowing and learning from that!
Warmly,

Sarah J. Brazaitis, Ph.D.
MA Program Director
Current Student Profile
Elizabeth (Betsy) McCracken
Elizabeth (Betsy) McCracken is a student in the Social-Organizational Psychology M.A. Program and a member of the Eisenhower Leader Development Program (ELDP) at the United States Military Academy (USMA) at West Point. She graduated from West Point in 2015 with a Bachelor of Science in Law and Legal Studies, with an additional focus on Civil Engineering. Betsy was then commissioned as a Field Artillery Officer in the US Army following graduation.
Prior to this assignment to West Point, Betsy was stationed at Fort Sill, Oklahoma, where she served as a Battery Commander responsible for eight high mobility artillery rocket systems (HIMARS) and 75 Soldiers. Upon completion of ELDP and graduation from TC, Betsy will serve as a Tactical Officer at USMA. This role will give her the opportunity to lead, coach, and mentor cadets through their West Point leader development experience, helping them integrate their academic, character, physical, and military requirements.
Betsy is proud to be a student in the S-OP program and looks forward to implementing the knowledge and skills she is learning into her next role and beyond. The theories and applications of organizational psychology and development will pay dividends throughout her career as she leads and manages various teams.
When not focused on school or work, Betsy loves spending time with her family exploring New York City. Betsy’s wife, Landi, is an interior design student in NYC and they love showing their daughter Olivia (12) all that Columbia, West Point, and New York have to offer!
Alumni Profile
Vidhi Thakker
Vidhi Thakker (She/Her) is a talent development professional, working in the areas of performance management, learning program designs, leadership, and career development.
Currently, Vidhi is based in London, and works as the Global Manager for Talent & Organizational Development at Wunderman Thompson (WPP) where she leads the design and adoption of the performance management platform, facilitates personal branding and career development processes, and manages the organization's learning management system.
Prior to joining WT, in her consulting work at Deloitte in India, she worked on data-powered people-related business transformation projects within the Textiles, Retail, and Energy-Tech industries. During her time at KNOLSKAPE, as a solutions consultant, she designed and delivered experiential learning journeys for managers of clients in Banking, Aviation, and Hospitality in India, and across Asia Pacific.
As a graduate of the Social-Organizational Psychology program, and the product of a large Indian joint family, she is very passionate about the learning resulting from group and team settings. Her favorite classes in the M.A. program include Group Dynamics, Executive Coaching, Intercultural Communication, and Leadership & Self Development.
A proud alumna of AIESEC, Vidhi aspires to live and work on every continent – 4/6 done! She prefers picnics to movies, cooking to takeaways, and NO pineapple on pizza. Her favorite book is The Palace of Illusions, by Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni, and she believes it has some of the most valuable lessons on leadership, strategy, and organizational dynamics. Finally… #GoHufflepuff!
You can connect with Vidhi on LinkedIn.
Recommended Reading
Who knew the "Fun Fact" was such a poor ice breaker? Read here for why this is one to be avoided.
Recently in our Group Dynamics course, we had a good discussion about the pros and cons of being friends with your boss. Read here for more cautions about blurring the role boundaries at work.